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Tuesday, April 27, 2021

Health Care Reform Articles - April 27, 2021

Biden faces pressure from Pelosi, Sanders over whether to double down on Obamacare or expand Medicare

House Democratic leadership and Sen. Bernie Sanders split as Biden administration sculpts next package

Sanders said in an interview that he is arguing for lowering the age of Medicare eligibility to 55 or 60 and expanding the program for seniors so it covers dental, vision and hearing care.

The contrasting visions for the next phase of President Biden’s legislative agenda reflect divisions within the Democratic Party about how Biden should further overhaul health insurance in the United States. Pelosi is looking to double down on the ACA, which has become more popular in recent years as it offers insurance subsidies to people well above the poverty line. Sanders, meanwhile, is looking for an opportunity to make progress on his longtime efforts to make government health insurance universal.

Either approach would offer more health insurance to lower-income Americans. But the choice facing Biden will allow him to decide whether he wants to continue to focus on the ACA, which operates largely through private insurers, or use political capital on a government-run program.

The pressure comes as the White House works to formulate what it is calling the American Families Plan, a sequel to the infrastructure and jobs plan announced last month. The new program, which is likely to be focused on child care, higher education, anti-poverty initiatives and health care, is expected to propose cutting spending on prescription drugs by as much as $450 billion over 10 years.

That money, in turn, could be used for the health insurance expansions. White House officials have not said which direction they will pursue. A White House spokesman declined to comment.

“We cannot continue to deal with millions and millions of seniors — primarily low-income seniors — who cannot afford to go to a dentist, so cannot ingest the food they eat, or the millions of seniors who live in isolation because they can’t hear,” because they cannot afford hearing aids, Sanders said in an interview. He declined to discuss the push from Pelosi, but he said, “It is fair to say there are differences of opinion as to how we prioritize health-care needs.”

The divergent paths charted by Pelosi and Sanders point to one of many underlying tensions within the Democratic Party that the White House is being forced to navigate as it figures out its next major agenda item.

The path to passing either plan remains steep. Congressional lawmakers are just now taking up Biden’s $2 trillion jobs and infrastructure plan, which has faced a barrage of criticism from congressional Republicans and some centrist Democrats. The appetite in Congress for yet another $1 trillion or $2 trillion effort on top of the infrastructure package is unclear, although liberals in the Congressional Progressive Caucus have called for trying to move the two plans in unison.

Congressional Progressive Caucus Chair Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.) says the group's policies push the Democratic Party left, despite moderate power brokers. (Blair Guild/The Washington Post)

Still, the early jockeying reflects how Democrats are already looking to the next legislative fight, as well as friction within the party over how best to expand health care.

Democratic leaders have celebrated the durability of the ACA, which has withstood more than a decade of criticism from congressional Republicans and seen its popularity rebound. The White House also has trumpeted figures showing that as many as 500,000 Americans have enrolled in the ACA exchanges during a special enrollment period the Biden administration created.

Asked by a reporter on Thursday about making the ACA expansion permanent, Pelosi cited the Biden administration’s pending families plan and the $500 billion that could be saved for “further expanding access to health care.” She also kept the door open to other forms of health-care expansion, saying the savings “could be used for other purposes,” too.

For Sanders, however, Biden has a unique opportunity to expand on the $1.9 trillion stimulus plan by offering tangible economic benefits to millions of older voters. Sanders helped popularize the single-payer proposal that would enroll every American in Medicare, and lowering the eligibility threshold represents a step in the direction of universal government-provided insurance.

“Some Democrats are all in on solidifying the Affordable Care Act, while progressives want to use their majority to push the health agenda further in the direction of Medicare-for-all,” said Larry Levitt, executive vice president for health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit organization.

As a presidential candidate, Biden campaigned on introducing a public option through which Americans could enroll in a government health system, as well as making the ACA subsidies more generous.

But the “unity task force” between Sanders and Biden aides after the 2020 primary produced policy recommendations that included dropping the Medicare enrollment age from 65 to 60. The task force report also said that gaps in dental, vision and hearing services “can lead to severe health consequences for Medicare patients” and stressed that “Democrats are committed to finding financially sustainable policies” to close those gaps.

The expected White House support for the prescription drug effort has helped create an opening for debating how Democrats want to expand health care. As The Washington Post previously reported, the administration is planning to include a measure to force pharmaceutical companies to reduce their prices or pay a steep penalty. Those plans are likely to be similar to the prescription drug bill House Democrats introduced in 2019, although its exact scope remains unclear.

The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office has estimated that the House Democrats’ bill would save the government about $450 billion over the next decade. It does so by lowering the cost of prescription drugs, which allows the government to spend significantly less on Medicare and other public health programs.

Under House Democrats’ proposal, these savings are redirected to expand Medicare to cover costs for dental, vision and hearing care through Medicare, while also limiting yearly out-of-pocket spending on prescriptions to $2,000, said Alex Lawson, executive director of the advocacy group Social Security Works, which supports the prescription drug reform.

Congressional aides say the savings may be smaller if Democrats, as expected, are forced to pass the measure through the parliamentary procedure known as budget reconciliation.

Conservatives said the United States should use any easily recouped savings to help pay down the existing federal debt. Even passing the measure may be difficult, given warnings from powerful pharmaceutical groups that it would stifle innovation around lifesaving drugs.

“Any low-hanging-fruit budget savings should go to addressing the baseline deficit of $15 trillion,” said Brian Riedl, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a conservative-leaning think tank. “If there’s $500 billion in heath-care savings, shouldn’t we be using that to pay for the programs we already have?”

Others played down the extent of the divisions. The disagreement about the policy direction has not been described by aides as acrimonious, and there may be room for a compromise that incorporates elements of both plans.

“Either one would be a blessing. There’s good arguments for both,” said Harold Pollack, a public health researcher at the University of Chicago, of the bids by Sanders and Pelosi. “I hope Democrats coalesce around whichever is most politically feasible and get it done.”

Still, tensions persist.

Biden’s rescue plan included expanded subsidies for very poor Americans and also extended them to those whose income is above 400 percent of the federal poverty level. That cost about $45 billion for two years, according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a nonpartisan group.

“There’s been a robust conversation in the health-care [space] about the best uses of the savings,” said Leslie Dach, an Obama administration health official who is now chair of Protect Our Care, which advocates ACA expansion.

Dach said focusing on expanding the ACA delivers “the most health care for the buck,” noting that having insurance throughout one’s life improves long-term health outcomes. “Getting those folks covered really delivers a lot of health care, particularly to communities of color. … There’s a sense the ACA and Medicaid, which get people in the program early, have a lot of benefits.” Dach said there is also agreement on limiting out-of-pocket drug costs for Medicare enrollees.

Still, some advocacy groups are adamant that Biden increase the scope of public health programs, rather than putting more funding into plans that run through private health insurers.

Lawson said it was a “no-brainer” for Biden to demonstrate to seniors, a crucial voting demographic, that he was working on their behalf.

About half of Americans ages 65 to 80 lack dental insurance, according to University of Michigan researchers. As many as 23 million Americans would newly qualify for health insurance if the Medicare enrollment age is lowered to 60, Sanders’s office said in a statement, adding that half of Medicare recipients have not seen a dentist over the past year.

“Before the next election, we need the American people — and particularly seniors, who have suffered so much during this pandemic — to see that this government is working for them,” Lawson said. “People would get hearing aids, get their teeth checked, before the next election. That will show them Biden is on their side. Democrats have to deliver for seniors if they are going to win.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/12/sanders-pelosi-biden-obamacare-medicare/ 

 

Docs Suffer From Noncompete Clauses: Any Hope for Change?

by Shelly M. Reese - Medscape Internal Medicine -April 7, 2021

When Traci Purath, MD, a Wisconsin neurologist, decided to leave the health system where she worked and go into private practice in 2012, she faced a major stumbling block: the noncompete clause in her employment agreement precluded her practicing within a 15-mile radius of either of the health system's facilities for at least 18 months.

Purath's lawyer said fighting the contract would cost about $50,000, and she wouldn't be able to practice medicine until the case was settled. Undaunted, Purath opened a clinic in a small town about 30 miles away.

But because her noncompete agreement restricted her ability to advertise, her patients didn't know what had become of her. When they called her former employer, they were sometimes told that she had moved out of state or was no longer practicing.

Purath ultimately landed on her feet — thanks to Google, many of her patients eventually found her, and when her noncompete clause expired, she moved her practice closer to home.

Her struggle is far from unique. In a recent Medscape poll of 558 physicians, more than 9 out of 10 respondents said that they were either currently bound by a noncompete clause or that they had been bound by one in the past that had forced them to temporarily stop working, commute long distances, move to a different area, or switch fields.

Some healthcare executives debate whether noncompete agreements are good or bad. Despite the blistering anecdotes, there are some defenders.

The Good and the Bad

Over the last few decades, noncompete clauses have become ubiquitous. Often used by employers to protect intellectual property and proprietary information, consolidation in the healthcare industry has made them a common element in physician employment contracts. Having invested heavily in acquiring physicians' practices and in recruiting and training physicians, hospitals and health systems use them to prevent doctors from leaving after a short time and setting up a competing clinic down the street.

Getting out of a noncompete agreement can be difficult. Almost a quarter (23%) of survey respondents said that they were unsuccessful when they tried to negotiate their way out of a noncompete agreement. Another 30% did not even try.

As a result, many, such as Purath, are forced to make accommodations to abide by the terms of the contract. Forty-two percent of physicians who left a job while under the terms of a noncompete agreement found work similar to their previous work outside of the noncompete area. Six percent found work of a different type, and 4% did not work during the time in which the noncompete agreement was active.

"In my market, noncompete clauses are still very much respected," writes a family physician in Indiana who commutes 45 minutes daily to comply with the 25-mile noncompete radius stipulated in her previous employer's contract

.https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/948871

 

Our View: Closing disparities in health care critical to Maine’s well-being

Mainers face health challenges based on race, gender and which part of the state they live in. A new office within the Mills administration can help.  

The Editorial Board - Portland Press Herald -  April 12, 2021


Mainers face health challenges based on race, gender and which part of the state they live in. A new office within the Mills administration can help.

When COVID-19 hit Maine early last year, it didn’t hit everyone the same — by June, Black residents represented 27 percent of all cases while making up just 1.4 percent of the general population, the biggest racial disparity in the country. Latino and Indigenous residents were disproportionately hurt, too.

But that was only a more dramatic and visible example of the disparities that exist in health care at all times, not just during a global pandemic. Factors specific to certain groups, often based in discrimination and bias, lead to problems with access and substandard care — for not only Mainers of color, but women, LGBTQ residents, rural Mainers and those with disabilities.

That’s why we support the new Office of Population Health Equity, established recently by the Mills administration within the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

The office’s job will be to monitor health inequities in the state and intervene to ensure all Mainers have access to the care they need. A similar office, under different names, existed within state government for years before then-Gov. Paul LePage dissolved it in 2015.

It would be ridiculous to think such a change by itself could solve the systemic racism and bias that limits health care access. But the office should play an important role in that effort.

The office’s very existence is a much-needed acknowledgement that the disparities are real and must be addressed in order for all Mainers to have the opportunity to improve their well-being and live healthy lives.

The problems are not hard to find if you look. The disparities in health for Black Mainers did not begin with COVID; they have existed for years, driven by bias and lack of economic opportunity. Black women in Maine are found to have much less access to prenatal care and higher rates of infant mortality. Across the U.S., minorities face higher rates of chronic disease and premature death.

Transgender and other LGBTQ residents face similar barriers. In a large state with little public transit, and a lot of infrastructure unfriendly to their needs, Mainers with disabilities can struggle to get around.

The loss of hospitals, and maternity clinics specifically, in rural parts of the state mean residents there are at a disadvantage compared to their urban counterparts, with women traveling hours to deliver a baby.

The fact is, the health care system was built, intentionally or not, by the majority for the majority; it just doesn’t account for everyone. Great organizations have come in to fill the cracks, to advocate and care for the populations that have to struggle to get what comes easily to others.

But what we are doing now clearly is not enough. Maine has to look harder at the places where access to care and positive health outcomes depends on where you were born or how you look.

As long as those disparities exist, Mainers won’t be as healthy as they can be — and neither will Maine.

https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/12/our-view-closing-disparities-in-health-care-critical-to-maines-well-being/

Mainers implore lawmakers to pass drug pricing bills, saying it’s a matter of life or death

by Evan Popp - The Beacon - April 14, 2021

One simple slip of the hand. That was all it took to put Sarah Lukianov’s life at risk. 

Lukianov, a type 1 diabetic from Bath, said she relies on two different insulins to survive. When she accidentally dropped one of those supplies on the floor, shattering the vial, she begged her insurance company to send her an emergency supply. But the company said she should go to a pharmacy to buy insulin, which would have cost Lukianov over $300. 

She decided to ration her supply rather than pay that exorbitant cost. Within days, she started suffering symptoms of Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as a result of going without insulin. She described the feeling as “both excruciating pain and absolute terror. You feel like you’re dying. And that’s because you are.”

Lukianov survived the experience. But for others, the story has ended differently. “I’m lucky that DKA didn’t kill me like so many others who had to ration insulin because of the cost,” she said. 

Lukianov’s story was told during a public hearing Tuesday before the Maine Legislature’s Health Coverage, Insurance and Financial Services Committee on a package of bills introduced by Democratic lawmakers to help rein in the cost of drugs like insulin — which is cheap for drug makers to produce but sold at an exorbitant cost — and ensure that Mainers have access to life-saving medication and affordable health care. 

Those bills come as big pharmaceutical companies continue to raise prices for life-saving treatments beyond what many can pay while raking in massive corporate profits, with a study by the nonpartisan research organization RAND Corporation finding that prescription drugs in the U.S. cost an average of 2.5 times more than the same drugs in other Western nations. 

The slate of legislation put forward by Maine lawmakers includes two measures introduced by Senate President Troy Jackson (D-Aroostook). One would prohibit “excessive price increases for generic and off-patent prescription drugs” sold in Maine and allow the state attorney general to pursue action against drug manufacturers that violate the law. The bill defines excessive as when a price increase exceeds 15% of the wholesale acquisition cost of the previous calendar year, 40% of the wholesale acquisition cost of three years prior or if the price increase exceeds $30 for a 30-day supply of the generic or off-patent drug for treatment that lasts less than 30 days. 

Jackson’s other bill would establish the Office of Affordable Health Care within the legislature, which would be tasked with making recommendations “on methods to improve the cost-efficient provision of high-quality health care to the residents” in Maine. 

Another bill, introduced by Sen. Ned Claxton (D-Androscoggin), would make prescription drug manufacturers subject to fines for selling drugs in Maine “identified as having an unsupported price increase.” Determining what amounts to an unsupported price increase would be “based on whether there was no, or inadequate, new clinical evidence to support the price increase” as demonstrated by the annual analysis of prescription drugs by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review.

An additional measure, sponsored by Sen. Cathy Breen (D-Cumberland), would establish “an insulin safety net program” in Maine, modeled after a program in Minnesota created after 26-year-old Alec Smith died because he couldn’t afford the insulin he needed. The measure in Maine would require manufacturers of insulin to make the product available to pharmacies to dispense to people who are “in urgent need of insulin or who need access to an affordable insulin supply.” The bill would allow pharmacies to dispense a 30-day supply to eligible people and would cap the copay a pharmacy could collect at $35. 

The final bill, introduced by Sen. Eloise Vitelli (D-Sagadahoc), aims to increase transparency around drug pricing by requiring greater public notice when a manufacturer implements substantial increases to the price of a drug. 

In his testimony in support of his bills and the others in the package, Jackson told the story of a woman in his district who was diagnosed with cancer. When she found out what her treatment would cost, the woman’s first thought was that she was going to die because she couldn’t afford it. 

“There’s no reason why we shouldn’t have basic protections for Maine people when it comes to medication,” Jackson said. “Pharmaceutical companies shouldn’t be allowed to exploit Maine people, who rely on live-saving medication, to pad shareholders’ pockets.” 

‘We are human beings, not bank accounts’

Being able to access medication is a huge issue for many Mainers, with 219,000 people in the state unable to afford drugs or medicine that a doctor prescribed, according to a survey from October 2020. 

Many people spoke to that struggle during the public hearing Tuesday, urging the legislature to pass the group of bills. Bonnie Deane from Appleton told the committee about her son, who was diagnosed with severe Crohn’s Disease and juvenile arthritis when he was 14. To treat his conditions, he began receiving Remicade infusions every six to nine weeks, without which he would die, Deane said. Each infusion of Remicade costs $78,000, she said. But even after signing up for a discount program with the drug manufacturer, Deane said she and her husband have medical debt that has grown to six-figures. 

“If you’re really sick and you need a drug like Remicade to survive, you’re going to lose everything — and there’s something wrong with that. I don’t want anyone else to ever go through what we continue to go through,” Deane said during her testimony. 

The exploding cost of prescription drugs can sometimes have fatal consequences. Catherine Begin of Waterville told the committee about her son, who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and struggled to afford the insulin he needed because of the exorbitant cost, often rationing it as a result. In 2017, Begin’s son died. 

“It wasn’t his fault he couldn’t afford his insulin,” Begin said, noting its cheap cost of production and the expensive price paid by those who need it. She said a bill like Breen’s to create an insulin safety net program could have saved her son’s life.  

Another person who testified at the hearing was Patricia Taniashvili of Surry, who spoke on behalf of her husband. Taniashvili said her husband has type 2 diabetes. The best drug to treat his condition is a medication called Trulicity, she said. However, he has been without that drug for the last two years because it costs $600 a month, even with his health insurance plan through the Affordable Care Act marketplace. Taniashvili said her husband can’t afford that cost, as his only income is a once-a-month Social Security check for just over $1,000. 

The lack of the medication has had a dire impact on her husband’s health. His blood sugar is over 200 regularly, Taniashvili said, and he often doesn’t have the energy to get out of bed. 

Taniashvili urged the legislature to take action to address such situations, describing it as immoral for drug companies to jack up the prices of medication. 

“We feel like we are being squeezed,” she said. “If you as legislators have the capacity to control these drug prices in some way, which it appears you would with this package of bills, it is your duty. We are not the only ones suffering. There are children and adults with type 1 diabetes in the same dire situation and this is patently unfair to them and us. We are human beings, not bank accounts.”

https://mainebeacon.com/mainers-implore-lawmakers-to-pass-drug-pricing-bills-saying-its-a-matter-of-life-or-death/

 

Biden officials rescind Trump’s okay for Texas’s $100 billion-plus Medicaid plan

The decision is seen as an effort to push Texas officials toward expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act to cover more low-income residents

by Dan Diamond - Washington Post - April 16, 2021

The Biden administration on Friday rescinded approval for changes to Texas’s Medicaid program granted by the Trump administration, saying that federal Medicaid officials “materially erred” by speeding approval for the state’s $100 billion-plus request in January.

The decision was characterized as an effort to push state officials toward accepting the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion, which would cover more low-income residents, said two federal health officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss private conversations. Texas, which has more uninsured people than any other state, is one of 12 that have not expanded the program.

“[W]e are rescinding the approval issued on January 15, 2021,” because it did not go through the full federal rulemaking process, Liz Richter, the acting administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, wrote in a letter to Texas officials obtained by The Washington Post.

In its final week, the Trump administration told Texas officials that it had approved a 10-year extension for its Medicaid plan, which was set to expire in 2022. The waiver provides more than $11 billion in federal funding per year to the state, meaning that the Biden administration’s decision puts billions of dollars in federal funding to Texas at risk.

Health advocates had described that waiver as an effort to work around the federal Medicaid expansion by setting up alternate funding to help cover the costs of uninsured patients.

In a statement Friday, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) slammed the Biden administration decision, saying it was “obstructing health-care access for vulnerable Texans and taking away crucial resources for rural hospitals in Texas. … With this action, the Biden administration is deliberately betraying Texans who depend on the resources made possible through the waiver.”

The approval for Texas’s changes, known as a Medicaid 1115 waiver, was among a flurry of last-minute activities overseen by Trump health officials in the waning days of the administration. Public health advocates and researchers decried the moves as inappropriate attempts to grant GOP governors’ requests and lock in Trump-era changes. Trump officials said that they were moving to provide stability for health-care providers.

“The 10-year extension permits greater financial certainty for the state and its safety net providers that serve Medicaid populations,” Seema Verma, then-administrator for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, wrote in a Jan. 15 letter to Texas.

Verma also said there was no need for the approval to go through the standard public notice-and-comment process, citing the coronavirus pandemic. But the Biden administration concluded the decision was a mistake.

“Upon further review, we have determined that CMS materially erred in granting Texas’s request for an exemption from the normal public notice process,” Richter wrote in her letter Friday.

In a statement, CMS said the agency had “erred in exempting the state from the normal public notice process — a critical priority for soliciting stakeholder feedback and ensuring public awareness.”

The new Democrat-led administration has been unwinding a series of actions overseen by Trump officials, including the prior administration’s approval of Medicaid work requirements.

The Biden administration also has pushed a dozen holdout states to accept the federal Medicaid expansion. Medicaid officials said on a briefing call for state officials last month that if Texas opted in to the federal expansion, the state would get a $3.9 billion funding boost over two years and 2.06 million uninsured people would become eligible for Medicaid coverage, according to a presentation obtained by The Post.

The Texas Medicaid program has been the subject of political disputes across multiple administrations. Texas officials in 2011 excluded Planned Parenthood from its Healthy Texas Women program, prompting the Obama administration in 2012 to cut federal women’s health funding to the state. But the Trump administration in January 2020 restored the funds by approving Texas’s Medicaid waiver, which was originally set to run through December 2024.https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/04/16/biden-rejects-texas-medicaid-plan/ 

 

Bill Would Extend MaineCare, CHIP Insurance Coverage To Immigrants 

by Patty Wight - Maine Public - April 15, 2021

The Legislature's Health and Human Services Committee is considering a bill on Thursday that would allow noncitizen immigrants — including asylum seekers — to get insurance coverage through MaineCare and the Children's Health Insurance Program, or CHIP.

Assistant House Majority leader Rachel Talbot Ross said that coverage was stripped away in 2011 under the LePage administration.

"Preventing a child, an adult, an older Mainer, from getting health care because of their immigration status is wrong. It is discriminatory. And it must end," she said.

Talbot Ross said immigrants contribute to the economy and should have access to health care. She said in 2018, noncitizen immigrant households paid $193 million in state taxes and more than double that in federal taxes.

During a virtual press conference on Thursday morning, Crystal Cron of Presente Maine said immigrants provide labor for some of the largest industries in Maine.

"Even when they have raked thousands of crates of blueberries, shucked hundreds of thousands of pounds of lobster, harvested broccoli, packed potatoes, washed our dishes, cooked our meals, built our houses and cleaned our toilets, they cannot afford to go to a single check up at the doctor," she said.

 

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